Cross licenses tend to be agreed in cycles of about three to six years, often after the dominant player in the cross-licensing deals (typically a holder of a large patent portfolio) has won or brought a major piece of litigation, typically against industry players in a particular region or sector, e.g., Europe or Asia. As a result, the sector falls into a cyclical pattern of cross-licensing campaigns. Sometimes, in certain industries, the balance of innovation shifts heavily between one campaign cycle and the next, with the result that a strong player in an early campaign may live to regret the emphatic arguments made earlier about patent value, when they are subsequently directed back at that player.